Understanding basic chemistry principles: types of reactions, balancing equations, and stoichiometry.
Examining properties of acids, bases, pH concepts, and their roles in chemical reactions.
Exploring carbon properties, diverse compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and functional groups.
Grasping concepts of force, work, energy, Newton's laws, gravitational force, and work-energy theorem.
Studying light properties, wave nature, reflection, refraction, and optical instruments.
Understanding electric concepts: charge, electric field, potential difference, current, circuits, resistors, and Ohm's law.
Covering plant classification, structure, functions, photosynthesis, respiration, and transport in plants.