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Understanding Horizontal Reservation in Government Jobs and Admissions

This article delves into the concept of horizontal reservation in India, explaining its significance in government jobs and college admissions. It distinguishes between horizontal and vertical reservations, highlighting how horizontal reservation provides opportunities for specific groups like women and individuals with disabilities within their respective categories. Understanding this concept is crucial for recognizing how the reservation system aims to ensure equal opportunities for all segments of society. Discover how horizontal reservation operates and why it is essential for fostering inclusivity in competitive environments.
By Ambika Singh Jan 28, 2026, 12:38 IST
Understanding Horizontal Reservation in Government Jobs and Admissions

What is Horizontal Reservation?



The term 'reservation' frequently arises in discussions about government employment and college admissions. While many are familiar with vertical reservations for SC, ST, and OBC categories, horizontal reservation is less understood. This article aims to clarify the concept of horizontal reservation in simple terms.


Defining Horizontal Reservation


To illustrate, consider that the government establishes distinct categories for SC, ST, and OBC individuals, which is known as vertical reservation. Within these categories, specific groups such as women, individuals with disabilities, and ex-servicemen are allocated seats. When a separate reservation is designated for these groups within the same category, it is referred to as horizontal reservation. This type of reservation operates horizontally rather than vertically, fitting within each category.


Mechanism of Horizontal Reservation

Imagine there are 100 job openings in a government department.


Reservation Rules:


If there is a 30% horizontal reservation for women, this does not imply that 30 seats are exclusively for them. Instead, it means that 30% of the seats in the General category, as well as in the OBC, SC, and ST categories, will be allocated for women. Thus, horizontal reservation does not reduce the number of seats in other categories but rather provides opportunities to those within their own category who require it more.


Comparing Vertical and Horizontal Reservation

Vertical Reservation


This type of reservation is based on social backwardness, such as caste, and is mutually exclusive. A person cannot benefit from two vertical reservations at the same time.


Horizontal Reservation


This reservation is based on physical conditions or special circumstances and functions within the framework of vertical reservation.


Importance of Horizontal Reservation

Why is it Necessary?


The Constitution of India mandates equal opportunities for all societal segments. Women and individuals with disabilities often face disadvantages compared to able-bodied men within their categories. Horizontal reservation aims to ensure that these specific groups can effectively compete within their categories and sustain their involvement in the system.


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